- Is the state when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet body demand
| Left-sided failure | Right-sided failure |
| Breathlessness | Transient ankle swelling and pigmentation |
| Cough | Oedema in dependent areas |
| Palpitations | Ascites |
| Diaphoresis | Increased jugular venous pressure. Neck vein pulsations and distension |
| Pulsus alterans | Hepatomegaly |
| Pleural effusion |
|
Ref: Past year lec note by Dr.Harbinder
~Living well or living hell? Fighting for future!~
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